In recent years, several extensions of tree automata have been considered. Most of them are related with the capability of testing equality or disequality of certain subterms of the term evaluated by the automaton. In particular, tree automata with global constraints are able to test equality and disequality of subterms depending on the state to which they are evaluated. The emptiness problem is known decidable for this kind of automata, but with a non-elementary time complexity, and the finiten...
Creus, C.; Gascon, A.; Godoy, G. Emptiness and finiteness for tree automata with global reflexive disequality constraints. "Journal of automated reasoning", 01 Desembre 2013, vol. 51, núm. 4, p. 371-400.